Text Search
Linguistic
Classification
Geographic

Lexicon

Akkadian lexical entries — nouns, verbs, and contextual terms (TOP, WN).

Named entities →

Loading…

This query is computationally intensive.

Elapsed time: 0s

Showing 645 lemmas
angurinnu I
eBL
(a metal object)
Akkadian
6 occurrences
angurinnu (a metal object) MA, Am.; cf. ingurēnu
Bibliographic References: 4
Latest
AfO 53 (2018) 754 Faist und Vita, NABU 2010/7 (ein Metallgegenstand; Belege)
1.
AfO 53 (2018) 754 <i>angurinnu</i>
Faist und Vita, NABU 2010/7
“ein Metallgegenstand; Belege”
2.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 678 <i>angurinnu</i>
Leichty, WZKM 86, 233ff.
““Kandelaber””
3.
AfO 40/41 (1993/1994) 450 <i>a</i>(<i>n</i>)<i>gurinnu</i>
Arnaud, AuOr Suppl. 1, 28: 20
“`Emar'-Belege”
4.
AfO 40/41 (1993/1994) 450 <i>a</i>(<i>n</i>)<i>gurinnu</i>
Arnaud, AuOr Suppl. 1, 22: 8
anmû I
eBL
this
Akkadian
1 occurrences
anmû, anamû "this" O/MB, O/MB(Alal.), Bogh., Ug.
annaku I
eBL
tin
AN.NA
Akkadian
2 occurrences
annaku(m) "tin; lead" [AN.NA]; MA a. paṣiu 'white lead', i.e. "tin", a. abāru "lead"
Bibliographic References: 7
Latest
AfO 48/49 (2001/2002) 419 Richter, Or. 69, 111ff.
1.
AfO 48/49 (2001/2002) 419 <i>annaku</i>
Richter, Or. 69, 111ff.
2.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 347 <i>annaku</i>
Gates, BASOR 270, 74
““… a combination of ores …”, “Whether it means tin, lead or arsenic is a distinction that only modern scholars demand””
3.
AfO 33 (1986) 357 <i>annaku</i>
“s. <span style = "font-variant: all-small-caps; font-style: normal">an.na</span> ”
4.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 405 <i>annaku</i>
Rowton, BBVO 1, 187
“zur Bedeutung”
5.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 405 <i>annaku</i>
M. Müller, Festschrift Diakonoff 272ff.
6.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 405 <i>annaku</i>
s. a. Freydank, Festschrift Diakonoff 68ff.
7.
AfO 27 (1980) 409 <i>annaku</i>
Adams, JNES 37, 267f.
“nicht nur Zinn, sondern auch Arsenik”
annikīam I
eBL
here
Akkadian
1 occurrences
annikīam, annekīam, annikê(m), annikâ(m), Ug. annikānu "here, hither" O/MB; < anni(u) + -kīam
annû I
eBL
this
Akkadian
Pronoun
317 occurrences
annû(m) I, anniu(m), NA also hanniu, hannû, OB occas. with nunation "this, those" [j/NB NE; ŠEŠ (for m. pl. annûti)]; OB f. sg. annītum "this matter"; annītam lā annītam 'this one, not this one', "one way or another"; a. ū a. "various"; NA a(n)nûte ...
Bibliographic References: 12
Latest
AfO 54 (2021) 721 Kouwenberg, ZA 102, 25ff.
1.
AfO 54 (2021) 721 <i>annûm</i>
Kouwenberg, ZA 102, 25ff.
2.
AfO 52 (2011) 684 <i>annu</i>
Van der Westhuizen, JSem 12, 41f.
“in Amarna-Briefen aus Gezer”
3.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 608 <i>annûm</i>
Kupper, RA 95, 165<sup style="font-style: normal;">+19</sup>
“in Šemšāra und Mari (Durand, LAPO 16, 463. 514); <i>a.</i> nicht näher erklärt”
4.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 678 <i>annû</i>
Heimpel, NABU 1996/62
“Formen mit Nunation; Mari”
5.
AfO 42/43 (1995/1996) 437 <i>annû</i>
Ikeda, NABU 1992/110
“Emar; *<i>ʿnī</i>, “Substitut””
6.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 347 <i>annû</i>(<i>m</i>)
van Soldt, AbB 12, p. 115, 139d)
“alleinstehend, für <i>annītum</i>”
7.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 347 <i>annû</i>(<i>m</i>)
Rainey, UF 20, 211ff.
“in Amarna-Briefen”
8.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 347 <i>annītum</i>
Mayer, Or 58, 154ff.
“in <i>annītam lā annītam</i> etwa “diesbezüglich”; [cf. Hirsch, AfO 34, 46ff.]”
9.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 355 <i>ḫannûmma</i>
Watanabe, BaM Beih. 3, 179, 60
“Akkus., “eben diesen””
10.
AfO 35 (1988) 335 <i>annītam lā annītam</i>
Hirsch, AfO 34, 46f.
11.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 405 <i>anniu</i>
Menzel, StP s. m. 10, 47f.
“Bezeichnung eines Opfers (?), nA”
12.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 421 <i>annû</i>
“s. gú-e ”
anumma I
eBL
now
Akkadian
270 occurrences
anumma, annumma, anummu, OB(Ešn.) unumma? "now", esp. of messages "herewith" OB, Am., Nuzi, Bogh., Ug., jB lex. [Ug. UD-ma]; < annû I loc.-adv. + - ma
Bibliographic References: 4
Latest
AfO 54 (2021) 721 Kouwenberg, ZA 102, 42ff.
1.
AfO 54 (2021) 721 <i>anumma</i>
Kouwenberg, ZA 102, 42ff.
2.
AfO 54 (2021) 732 <i>unumma</i>
Mayer, Or 81, 97
“Zusätze zu CAD U/W”
3.
AfO 52 (2011) 684 <i>anumma</i>
Limet, Festschrift Fronzaroli, 324ff.
4.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 347 <i>anumma</i>
Rainey, UF 20, 209f.
“in Amarna-Briefen”
anāku I
eBL
I
GÁ.E
Akkadian
Pronoun
23 occurrences
anāku, NA also annuku, NB also anaka "I; me" [Bogh. GÁ.E] as pred. freq. anākuma; OB ša anāku "as for me"; NB also acc. (to stress a pron. suff.), dat.; cf. ana II; anuki
Bibliographic References: 1
Latest
AfO 26 (1978/1979) 299 Greenstein und Marcus, ANES 8, 68 (+ KN; appositionell “Ich, (König) NN”, in Idrimi-Inschrift Nordwestsemitismus)
1.
AfO 26 (1978/1979) 299 <i>anāku</i>
Greenstein und Marcus, ANES 8, 68
“+ KN; appositionell “Ich, (König) NN”, in Idrimi-Inschrift Nordwestsemitismus”
aplu II
eBL
heir
IBILA A EDURU dIBILA
Akkadian
11 occurrences
aplu(m) II; st. constr. apil, apal "heir, son" [IBILA; j/NB, NA freq. A; NB PN occas. EDURU; NA PN also dIBILA] a. rēštû, a. ašarēdu "prime heir", a. kīnu "legitimate heir"; apil erṣeti 'son of the earth', desig. of date palm; > apiltu II, ...
Bibliographic References: 1
Latest
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 422 Kraus, Mensch 49 (aB; “Erbe”; “ältester Sohn”)
1.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 422 <i>aplu</i>
Kraus, Mensch 49
“aB; “Erbe”; “ältester Sohn””
appatu II
eBL
bridle
PA KUŠ.PA AB
Akkadian
1 occurrences
appatu(m) II; NA pl. once appāni "bridle, rein" Bab., M/NA [NA (KUŠ.)PA; AB] j/NB, NA mukīl appāti 'bridle-holder', "chariot driver"; also jB lex. appatān du. (a wooden object)?; > appatiš
Bibliographic References: 2
Latest
AfO 54 (2021) 721 Arkhipov, Babel und Bibel 6, 6f. (II: “Zügel”)
1.
AfO 54 (2021) 721 <i>appātum</i>
Arkhipov, Babel und Bibel 6, 6f.
“II: “Zügel””
2.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 412 <i>mukīl appāte</i>
Menzel, StP s. m. 10, 248f.
apu I
eBL
reed-bed
GIŠ.GI
Akkadian
13 occurrences
apu(m) I, abu "reed-bed; reeds (coll.)" Ass., O/jB [GIŠ.GI]; apukka "to your reedbed"; qān a. "marsh-reed"; šah a. "wild boar" (cf. šahapu); hašhūr a. (a plant); > apiš
Bibliographic References: 2
Latest
AfO 54 (2021) 721 Cancik-Kirschbaum und Johnson, SAAB 19, 102. 105f. (in <i>abu šarrāni</i>: als mittelassyr. Monatsname, tlw. univerbiert)
1.
AfO 54 (2021) 721 <i>apum</i>
Cancik-Kirschbaum und Johnson, SAAB 19, 102. 105f.
“in <i>abu šarrāni</i>: als mittelassyr. Monatsname, tlw. univerbiert”
2.
AfO 28 (1981/1982) 335 <i>apu</i>
Gaál, RHA 36, 47
“ZA 36, 182: 11 und in <i>sirpi api</i>, von hurr. <i>api</i> “Esel””
apālu I
eBL
pay
Akkadian
Verb
11 occurrences
apālu(m) I, OB also abālum "to pay; answer" G (a/u; NB pres. once ihappal ?) 1. "pay" s.o. s.th. (= 2 acc.), "repay" s.th., "settle" claim; "pay off, satisfy" s.o.; M/NA "make in full" sacrificial offering; Bab. math., astr., of solution "give the ...
Bibliographic References: 10
Latest
AfO 52 (2011) 684 Streck, AOAT 303, 31 (42). 44 (79) (Gt-Stamm)
1.
AfO 52 (2011) 684 <i>apālu</i>
Streck, AOAT 303, 31 (42). 44 (79)
“Gt-Stamm”
2.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 608 <i>apālum</i>
Veenhof, Security for Debt, 107 u. ö.
“auch “to accept responsibility for””
3.
AfO 46/47 (1999/2000) 567 <i>apālu</i>
Dombradi, FAOS 20/1, 150ff.
“im Recht”
4.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 357 <i>išariš apālum</i>
Lackenbacher, ARM 26/2, p. 424
5.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 347 <i>apālum</i>
Durand, ARM 26/1, 575<sup style="font-style: normal;">a</sup>
“<i>meḫram</i> <i>a.</i>”
6.
AfO 35 (1988) 335 <i>apālu</i>(<i>m</i>)
Stol, AbB 11, p. 75, 116c)
“mit Dativ”
7.
AfO 35 (1988) 349 <i>napālu</i>
Sommerfeld, Or 56, 214
“N”
8.
AfO Beiheft 21 (1986) 31 <i>apāl <span style = "font-variant: all-small-caps; font-style: normal">é dingir</span></i>
van Driel, Cult 65f.
““common expression for the daily meals in the temple?””
9.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 405 <i>apālum</i>
Charpin und Durand, RA 75, 29 zu 12–14
10.
AfO 26 (1978/1979) 303 *<i>ilkam apālu</i>
Kraus, AbB 7, p. 112 ad 134, Anm. d
“aB”
ardatu I
eBL
girl
KI.SIKIL MUNUS.KI.SIKIL
Akkadian
2 occurrences
(w)ardatu(m) "girl, young woman" OAkk, Ass., O/jB [(MUNUS.)KI.SIKIL]; ardat lilî (a demoness) (cf. lilium); < wardum
Bibliographic References: 7
Latest
AfO 52 (2011) 684 Scurlock und Andersen, Diagnoses, 434ff. (als Krankheitsverursacherin bei jungen Menschen)
1.
AfO 52 (2011) 684 <i>ardat lilî</i>
Scurlock und Andersen, Diagnoses, 434ff.
“als Krankheitsverursacherin bei jungen Menschen”
2.
AfO 48/49 (2001/2002) 420 <i>ardat lilî</i>
Geller, Ancient Magic 1, 49ff.
“s. Dämonen”
3.
AfO 42/43 (1995/1996) 437 <i>ardat lilî</i>
Stol, Epilepsy, 46ff.
“s. Dämonen”
4.
AfO 42/43 (1995/1996) 437 <i>ardat lilî</i>
Malul, JEOL 32, 79ff.
“s. Ehe”
5.
AfO 27 (1980) 410 <i>ardat lilî</i>
“s. <i>lilû</i> ”
6.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 481 <i>wardatu</i>
von Soden, ZA 66, 138
“aA, “Mädchen”; Belege”
7.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 481 <i>wardatu</i>
Matouš, BiOr 33, 334
“aA, “Sklavin”; Belege”
ardu I
eBL
slave
ÌR(- ) IR11(- ) SAG.ÌR(- ) IR(- )
Akkadian
82 occurrences
(w)ardu(m), Ass. also urdu(m), occas. aradu "slave, servant" [ÌR(- ); IR11(- ); SAG.ÌR(- ); OA IR(- )]; > arādu, wardatum, wardūtum, urdānūtu, arad-ēkallūtu, arad-šarrūtu
Bibliographic References: 21
Latest
AfO 54 (2021) 733 Mayer, Or 81, 103 (Zusätze zu CAD U/W)
1.
AfO 54 (2021) 733 <i>wardu</i>
Mayer, Or 81, 103
“Zusätze zu CAD U/W”
2.
AfO 53 (2018) 789 <i>wardu</i>
Faist, HANE/M 11, 17
“<i>urad šarri</i>, mA”
3.
AfO 53 (2018) 789 <i>wardu</i>
Bellotto, HANE/M 9, 49f.
“in <i>a/urad šarri</i>: rechtlich, in Emar”
4.
AfO 52 (2011) 731 <i>wardum</i>
Jakob, CM 29, 34
“in <i>urad šarre</i>; mA”
5.
AfO 52 (2011) 684 <i>arad ekalli</i>
Brinkman, JAOS 124, 294f.
“kassitenzeitlich, auch hier schon “Baumeister” o. ä.”
6.
AfO 52 (2011) 684 <i>arad ekalli</i>
Baker, AOAT 330, 7ff.
“vielleicht “Baumeister””
7.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 608 <i>arad ekalli</i>
Sassmannshausen, BaFo 21, 120f.
“mB, “Palastsklave””
8.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 703 <i>wardum</i>
“s. urdu ”
9.
AfO 40/41 (1993/1994) 451 (<i>ana</i>)<i> <span style = "font-variant: all-small-caps; font-style: normal">arad.meš</span>-ú-ti</i>
Watanabe, BiOr 48, 187
“lies <i>ana urdānutti</i>”
10.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 380 <i>wardum</i>
Charpin, Festschrift Kupper, 62<sup style="font-style: normal;">15</sup>
“<i>w.</i> eines Gottes : <i>w.</i> eines Königs, nach Siegelinschriften”
11.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 380 <i>wardum</i>
Charpin, Festschrift Kupper, 59ff.
“zu Familiengöttern nach Siegellegenden; PN₁ dumu PN₂ ìr GN; `persönlicher' Gott; kein Zusammenhang zwischen Siegelhalter und Tempel des GN, kaum Zusammenhang mit Beruf; Zusammenhang mit Wohnort”
12.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 380 <i>warad šarrim</i>
“s. a. <i>wardum</i> ”
13.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 380 <i>warad šarrim</i>
Charpin, Festschrift Kupper, 71<sup style="font-style: normal;">87</sup>
14.
AfO 35 (1988) 361 <i>wardum</i>
“s. <i>muškēnum</i> ”
15.
AfO 34 (1987) 311 <i>wardum</i>
Kienast, FAOS Beih. 1, 89ff.
“als Name; “Diener … Angestellter; Sklave””
16.
AfO Beiheft 21 (1986) 32 <i>ardu</i>,<i> <span style = "font-variant: all-small-caps; font-style: normal">lú</span> arad-ekalli</i>
Dandamajew, OLZ 67, 550
“nB, nicht “serviteur du palais”, sondern vermutlich “Architekt””
17.
AfO 31 (1984) 286 <i>arad ekalli</i>
CT 56, 565 Rs. 6; 57, 220: 10
18.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 420 <i>wardu</i>
Kestemont, OLA 13, 107ff.
“zur Abhängigkeit im Keilschriftrecht; allgemeine Klassifikation angewandt auf <i>awīlu</i>,<i> muškēnu</i> und <i>wardu</i>”
19.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 405 <i>arad ekalli</i>
McEwan, FAOS 4, 50ff.
“in Uruk”
20.
AfO 27 (1980) 410 <i>arad ekalli</i>
Kümmel, Familie 37f.
““ein Bauberuf”; spB; Uruk, Prosopographie”
21.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 481 <i>wardu</i>
Kraus, Mensch 106f.
“<i>w. ekallim</i>”
ardūtu I
eBL
slavery
Akkadian
11 occurrences
(w)ardūtu(m), Ass. warduttum, urduttu, Mari also wurdūtum "slavery" [ÌR- ; SAG.ÌR- ; OA IR- ] "status as slave"; Mari and later "vassalage, (political) servitude"; < wardum
Bibliographic References: 2
Latest
AfO 40/41 (1993/1994) 451 Tadmor, Trattati nel mondo antico, 33ff.
1.
AfO 40/41 (1993/1994) 451 <i>ardūtu</i>
Tadmor, Trattati nel mondo antico, 33ff.
2.
AfO 33 (1986) 357 <i>ardūtu</i>
Moran, Or 53, 298f.
“Schreibung in Amarna”
aribû I
eBL
(a garment)
Akkadian
3 occurrences
aribû (a garment) MB
Bibliographic References: 1
Latest
AfO 46/47 (1999/2000) 567 Beckman, HANE/M 2, 93 (Emar; Belege)
1.
AfO 46/47 (1999/2000) 567 <sup style="font-style: normal;">túg</sup><i>aribû</i>
Beckman, HANE/M 2, 93
“Emar; Belege”
arkatu I
eBL
rear
EGIR A.GA
Akkadian
2 occurrences
(w)arkatu(m), Ass. mostly urkatu(m) "rear" [EGIR; A.GA] 1. "backside"; also du. "buttocks" of human, animal; NB also uzua. as joint of meat 2. "rear part, rear side" of weapon, ship etc.; of part of body; of house, piece of land 3. "rear guard" of ...
Bibliographic References: 5
Latest
AfO 52 (2011) 684 Geller, JMC 4, 1 (zur anatomischen Terminologie)
1.
AfO 52 (2011) 684 <i>arkatu</i>
Geller, JMC 4, 1
“zur anatomischen Terminologie”
2.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 609 <i>arkatu</i>
Stolper, Festschrift Veenhof, 471 zu 2f.
“<i>a.</i> <i>u nikkassū</i>; singulär”
3.
AfO 40/41 (1993/1994) 491 <i>warkātum</i>
Eidem, Florilegium marianum, 55 zu i
“<i>warkātam išû/nadānum</i> unklar”
4.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 347 <i>arkatu</i>
Grosz, SCCNH 2, 146
“Nuzi”
5.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 420 <i>warkatum</i>
Verbeeck, OLP 12, 5ff.
“in: <i>warkatam parāsum</i> “genau untersuchen””
arki I
eBL
after
EGIR
Akkadian
Preposition
284 occurrences
(w)arki, OB also warka, j/NB also arku/a, Ass. mostly urki "after, behind" [EGIR] 1. prep. of place and time, freq. + poss. suff. e.g. warkišu "behind him; after him, after his departure, death; later, thereafter"; OB arki alpī "oxdriver" 2. Bab. ...
Bibliographic References: 7
Latest
AfO 54 (2021) 733 Mayer, Or 81, 103 (Zusätze zu CAD U/W)
1.
AfO 54 (2021) 733 <i>warka</i>
Mayer, Or 81, 103
“Zusätze zu CAD U/W”
2.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 608 <i>ālīku</i>
Sassmannshausen, BaFo 21, 38
“<i>alīk pāni/arki</i>”
3.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 678 <i>arki</i>
Jursa, NABU 1995/61
“eventuell “an Stelle von …”?”
4.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 678 <i>arku</i>
Sassmannshausen, BaM 25, 453
“in <i>ālik arki</i>, erster mB Beleg”
5.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 678 <i>arku</i>
“s. <i>kurû</i> ”
6.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 703 <i>warki alpī</i>
Stol, BSA 8, 193
7.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 380 <i>warki</i>
Wilcke, Figurative Language, 83
“<i>warki</i> <span style = "font-variant: all-small-caps; font-style: normal">X</span> <i>alākum</i>”
arkānu I
eBL
later
EGIR
Akkadian
5 occurrences
(w)arkānu(m), Ass. mostly urkānu(m), Bogh. also arkāna "later, afterwards" [EGIR]; Ug. arkānašu "thereafter"; < warka
asallu I
eBL
(a copper vessel)
Akkadian
15 occurrences
asallu(m) f. 1. (a copper vessel) O/jB, M/NA 2. (a stone) jB lex.
Bibliographic References: 2
Latest
AfO 40/41 (1993/1994) 451 Arnaud, AuOr Suppl. 1, 22: 5 (Emar-Beleg)
1.
AfO 40/41 (1993/1994) 451 <i>asallu</i>
Arnaud, AuOr Suppl. 1, 22: 5
“Emar-Beleg”
2.
AfO Beiheft 21 (1986) 33 <i>asallu</i>
Postgate, Iraq 32, 152, 4
“nA”
asû I
eBL
physician
A.ZU LÚ.A.ZU
Akkadian
2 occurrences
asû(m) I "physician" [(LÚ.)A.ZU; OAkk in PN also A.ZU5] of humans, animals; for eyes; MA a. ša bētānu (a kind of superintendent); NB \~ "expert"; < Sum.; > asâtu; asûtu; cf. azugallatu; azugallu; azugallūtu
Bibliographic References: 22
Latest
AfO 53 (2018) 755 Geller, Medicine, 43ff. (“Arzt”)
1.
AfO 53 (2018) 755 <i>asû</i>
Geller, Medicine, 43ff.
““Arzt””
2.
AfO 53 (2018) 755 <i>asû</i>
Wasserman, Sefarad 68, 480
“<i>a.</i> und <i>āšipu</i>”
3.
AfO 53 (2018) 755 <i>asû</i>
Heeßel, CM 37, 13ff.
“<i>a.</i> und <i>āšipu</i>; kein Gegensatz”
4.
AfO 53 (2018) 755 <i>asû</i>
Geller, JMC 9, 1ff.
“Unterschiede zu <i>āšipu</i> und <i>mašmāšu</i>: <i>a.</i> kein Priester”
5.
AfO 53 (2018) 755 <i>asû</i>
Marti, JMC 14, 1ff.
“zum Fall eines kranken <i>asû</i>”
6.
AfO 53 (2018) 755 <i>asû</i>
Attinger, JMC 11–12, 68. 71ff.
7.
AfO 52 (2011) 685 <i>asû</i>
Biga, NABU 2006/84
“<i>a.</i> in Ebla zuständig für Tiere”
8.
AfO 52 (2011) 685 <i>asû</i>
Geller, JMC 4, 6f.
“<i>Diagnostic Handbook</i> wohl auch von <i>āšipu</i> verwendet, nicht bloß von <i>a.</i>”
9.
AfO 52 (2011) 685 <i>asû</i>
Dandamayev, VDI 249, 75ff.
“zu Ärzten in neubabylonischer Zeit: Organisation, Tätigkeiten und Verdienst”
10.
AfO 52 (2011) 685 <i>asû</i>
Abrahami, JMC 2, 19ff.
“zur Aufgabenverteilung von <i>a.</i> und <i>āšipu</i>, <i>a.</i> bezieht sich zur Heilung auf Ninisina”
11.
AfO 52 (2011) 685 <i>asû</i>
Scurlock und Andersen, Diagnoses, passim
12.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 609 <i>asû</i>
Sassmannshausen, BaFo 21, 72f.
“mB”
13.
AfO 48/49 (2001/2002) 420 <i>asû</i>
Scurlock, Ancient Magic 1, 69ff.
“zu <i>a.</i> “Pharmazeut, Apotheker” und <i>āšipu</i> “Arzt”; zu ihrer `Fachliteratur'; s. a. Medizin”
14.
AfO 46/47 (1999/2000) 567 <i>asû</i>
“s. a. <i>āšipu</i> ”
15.
AfO 46/47 (1999/2000) 567 <i>asû</i>
Biggs, CANE, 1918f.
16.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 678 <i>asû</i>
“s. <i>āšipu</i> ”
17.
AfO 42/43 (1995/1996) 437 <i>asû</i>
Dion, Aram 1, 206ff.
“s. Arzt”
18.
AfO 42/43 (1995/1996) 437 <i>asû</i>
Stol, JEOL 32, 61
19.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 348 <i>asûm</i>
Durand, ARM 26/1, 555f.<sup>!</sup>
20.
AfO 35 (1988) 335 <i>asû</i>
Deller, AfO 34, 59
21.
AfO 27 (1980) 410 <i>asû</i>
Walter Mayer, AOAT 205/1, 167
““Arzt”; Nuzi”
22.
AfO 26 (1978/1979) 299 <i>asû</i>
Farber und Freydank, AoF 5, 258
attā I
eBL
you
Akkadian
Pronoun
45 occurrences
attā, attu "you" (2 m. sg. pron.); cf. attunu; attī, attina; attamannu
attī I
eBL
you
Akkadian
Pronoun
6 occurrences
"you" (2 f. sg. pron.)
attū- I
eBL
belonging to
Akkadian
18 occurrences
attū-, Nuzi after -u also uttū- "belonging to" with poss. pron. suff. M/NB, Am., Nuzi, Bogh., Ug.; Elamtu attūka "Elam is yours"; ayyūtu attūa "which ones are mine?"
Bibliographic References: 1
Latest
AfO 35 (1988) 335 del Monte, Trattato 44f.
1.
AfO 35 (1988) 335 <i>attu-</i>
del Monte, Trattato 44f.
atû II
eBL
gatekeeper
Akkadian
1 occurrences
atû(m) II, atu'u, OB, Alal., Nuzi, Ug. utû(m) "gatekeeper, porter" Bab., M/NA [LÚ.NI.DU8, NB wr. .GAB] NB as family name; < Sum.; > atūtu II, atûtu; cf. sukkal-atû
Bibliographic References: 13
Latest
AfO 53 (2018) 755 Radner, Gedenkschrift Black, 271ff. (Türhüter, nA)
1.
AfO 53 (2018) 755 <i>atuʾu</i>
Radner, Gedenkschrift Black, 271ff.
“Türhüter, nA”
2.
AfO 53 (2018) 755 <i>atû</i>
Durand, CRAI 53/2, 42f.
“`l'arc d'honneur'”
3.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 609 <i>atû</i>
Sassmannshausen, BaFo 21, 57f.
4.
AfO 46/47 (1999/2000) 567 <i>atû</i>
Kessler, AOAT 247, 159f.
“in spB Uruk”
5.
AfO 35 (1988) 335 <i>a/utû</i>
“s. <sup style="font-style: normal;">d</sup><span style = "font-variant: all-small-caps; font-style: normal">ne.du₈</span> ”
6.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 405 <sup style="font-style: normal;">lú</sup><i>atû</i>
McEwan, FAOS 4, 54ff.
“Belege”
7.
AfO 27 (1980) 411 <i>atuʾu</i>
Walter Mayer, AOAT 205/1, 133
““Pförtner”, Nuzi”
8.
AfO 27 (1980) 411 <i>atû / atuḫlu</i>
Kümmel, Familie 44ff.
“spB; Uruk, Prosopographie”
9.
AfO 27 (1980) 411 <i>atû / atuḫlu</i>
Dietrich und Loretz, UF 9, 338f.
“und ug.”
10.
AfO 26 (1978/1979) 299 <i>atûm</i>
““Pförtner” s. ne-du₈ ”
11.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 423 <i>atû</i>
Birot, ARMT 14, 220 zu 13: 48
““arceau”?”
12.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 423 <i>atû</i>
Moran, AOAT 25, 338<sup style="font-style: normal;">26</sup>
“Hapax; nicht <i>atû</i> “Pförtner””
13.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 423 <i>atû</i>
“s. a. a-tu [e. Priesterin im Kult d. Geburtsgöttin (v. Keš): Moran, AOAT 25, 335ff.]”
atānu I
eBL
she-ass
EME5 ANŠE.EME5 EME5.ANŠE
Akkadian
1 occurrences
atānu(m) f. "she-ass" OAkk, Bab., M/NA [M/NB ÈME, EME6; (ANŠE.)EME5; Mari also EME5.ANŠE]; MB, Nuzi also "mare"; jB lex. a. nāri (a water fowl); cf. biṣṣūru
Bibliographic References: 2
Latest
AfO 52 (2011) 685 Donbaz, Festschrift Grayson, 69 (“Eselin”)
1.
AfO 52 (2011) 685 <i>atānu</i>
Donbaz, Festschrift Grayson, 69
““Eselin””
2.
AfO 31 (1984) 286 <i>atānu</i>
CT 55, 747: 1
atāru I
eBL
be(come) outsize
DIRI
Akkadian
Verb
1 occurrences
(w)atāru(m), Ass. mostly utāru, jB also matāru "to be(come) outsize, surplus" G (i/i; OB(Susa) pres. iwattir, stat. (w)atar, Ass. utar) [DIRI] 1. "increase, accumulate" freq. opp. to maṭû II; of land, property; of grain, silver etc. "be surplus, in ...
Bibliographic References: 5
Latest
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 627 (D s. <i>târu</i> D (Brown und Zólyomi) )
1.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 627 <i>watāru</i>
“D s. <i>târu</i> D (Brown und Zólyomi) ”
2.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 703 <i>watāru</i>
Birot, ARM 27, p. 256 b)
“<i>eli</i> PN <i>w.</i>”
3.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 703 <i>watāru</i>
Lambert, QS 18, 53
“aAkk Präsens <i>ú-ta-ra</i>”
4.
AfO 42/43 (1995/1996) 458 <i>watāru</i>
Høyrup, ZA 83, 42ff.
“<i>eli</i> … <i>w.</i> s. Mathematik”
5.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 348 <i>atāru</i>
Wilcke, ZA 79, 187
“in Verbindung mit <i>pû</i>”
awātu I
eBL
word
INIM
Akkadian
17 occurrences
awātu(m), later Bab. (also occas. OB) amātu, M/NA, also Ug. abutu, gen. abiti; pl. awâtum, amâtu, abāte "word; matter" [INIM] 1. "word" a. qabû, a. dabābu, poet. a. zakāru "to speak (a word), talk"; a. ṣabātum "to 'seize the word', begin to speak" ...
Bibliographic References: 27
Latest
AfO 54 (2021) 721 Wunsch und Magdalene, KASKAL 9, 101. 113f. (in <i>amāt šarri šī</i>: Missbrauch als Blasphemie gegen den König, nB)
1.
AfO 54 (2021) 721 <i>amātu</i>
Wunsch und Magdalene, KASKAL 9, 101. 113f.
“in <i>amāt šarri šī</i>: Missbrauch als Blasphemie gegen den König, nB”
2.
AfO 54 (2021) 722 <i>awātum</i>
Glassner, JCS 64, 50ff.
“in Recht und Divination”
3.
AfO 53 (2018) 754 <i>amātu</i>
Frahm, Assur-Forschungen, 106
“in <i>abat šarri</i>, nA”
4.
AfO 53 (2018) 755 <i>awātum</i>
Kouwenberg, Gedenkschrift Garelli, 169ff.
“G-Stamm Infinitiv; Frage nach der aA Form”
5.
AfO 52 (2011) 685 <i>awātu</i>
Jursa, HANE/M 5, 176
“in <i>awāt šarri</i>”
6.
AfO 52 (2011) 685 <i>awātu</i>
M. Weippert, Or 71, 48ff.
“in <i>awāt šarri</i>; neuassyr. <i>abāt šarre</i>, zur “Appellation an den König””
7.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 609 <i>awatum</i>
W. Farber, Festschrift Veenhof, 141<sup style="font-style: normal;">16</sup>
“aA; <i>awātim laqāʾum</i>”
8.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 609 <i>awatum</i>
Fales, L'impero assiro, 327
“in <i>am/bat šarri</i>”
9.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 609 <i>awatum</i>
Larsen, Festschrift Veenhof, 280
“in <i>awātum ḫimṭātum</i>, “heated words””
10.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 609 <i>awatum</i>
“s. a. <i>banû</i> (Izre'el) ”
11.
AfO 46/47 (1999/2000) 567 <i>awātu</i>
Dombradi, FAOS 20/1, 328f.
“<i>a.</i> <i>amāru</i>”
12.
AfO 46/47 (1999/2000) 567 <i>awātu</i>
Rainey, CAT 1, 129ff.
“in Amarna oft maskulin”
13.
AfO 46/47 (1999/2000) 567 <i>awātu</i>
“s. a. <i>amāru</i> ”
14.
AfO 42/43 (1995/1996) 437 <i>awātum</i>
“s. <i>batāqu</i> ”
15.
AfO 42/43 (1995/1996) 437 <i>awātum</i>
“s. <i>leqû</i> ”
16.
AfO 40/41 (1993/1994) 452 <i>awātum</i>
Bilgiç u. a., AKT 1, 16: 18
“<i>awātam duākum</i>”
17.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 348 <i>awātum</i>
Charpin, ARM 26/2, p. 222
“<i>awātim ṣabātum</i>; für häufiges <i>ina a. ṣ.</i> mit Akkusativ”
18.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 346 <i>ab/mat šarri</i>
Garelli, Festschrift Finet, 45f.
19.
AfO 38/39 (1991/1992) 348 <i>awatum</i>
“s. a. <i>ab/mat šarri</i>; <i>amatu</i>; <i>rašû</i> ”
20.
AfO 35 (1988) 335 <i>awatum</i>
Veenhof, RA 76, 121
“<i>awatam epēšum</i>”
21.
AfO Beiheft 21 (1986) 34 <i>awātu</i>
Ellis, JCS 24, 75
“<i>warki awāt šarrim</i> (∼ <i>warki ṣimdat šarrim</i>)”
22.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 405 <i>awatum</i>
Charpin und Durand, RA 75, 104 zu 12
“in: <i>awatam rašûm</i>”
23.
AfO 28 (1981/1982) 335 <i>abat šarre</i>
Parpola, Death in Mesopotamia, 172<sup style="font-style: normal;">+11</sup>
““Königswort”, pl. <i>abat šarrāte</i>, Anrufung des Königs als des obersten Richters (Postgate)”
24.
AfO 28 (1981/1982) 335 <i>abat šarre</i>
Postgate, RA 74, 181
““Königswort”, pl. <i>abat šarrāte</i>, Anrufung des Königs als des obersten Richters (Postgate)”
25.
AfO 26 (1978/1979) 300 <i>bēl</i>(<i>et</i>)<i> awāti</i>
Ismail und M. Müller, WeOr 9, 22f.
“jurist., Nuzi, “(über persönl. Eigentum, zustehende Rechte o. ä.) Verfügender in der (jeweils vorliegenden) Rechtssache””
26.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 421 <i>amātu</i>
Postgate, CRRA 19, 424<sup style="font-style: normal;">+23</sup>
“<i>ab/mat šarri</i>, nA”
27.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 423 <i>awātu</i>
Dalley, Rimah 40 zu 10
“<i>a.</i> <i>libbi</i>, aB; “Geheimis”?”
awīlu I
eBL
man
LÚ ZA
Akkadian
103 occurrences
awīlu(m), later amī/ēlu, OAkk abīlum, MA a'īlu "man" [LÚ; jB om., med. also NA; Bogh. om. ZA] "human being" (also coll.); MA "husband"; "person, one"; jB, Nuzi a. ana a. "one another"; O/jB a. ... a. "one ... the other"; OA, OB "free citizen", also ...
Bibliographic References: 51
Latest
AfO 54 (2021) 722 Arkhipov und Loesov, RA 109, 31ff. (Syntax in altbabyl. Briefen)
1.
AfO 54 (2021) 722 <i>awīlum</i>
Arkhipov und Loesov, RA 109, 31ff.
“Syntax in altbabyl. Briefen”
2.
AfO 53 (2018) 755 <i>awīlu</i>
Hoffner, Letters from the Hittite Kingdom, 79f.
“in <i>lū awīlat</i>”
3.
AfO 53 (2018) 754 <i>amīl nāri</i>
Frahm, in: Orlamünde, WVDOG 135, 61
“auf einem Obeliskenfragment aus Assur”
4.
AfO 53 (2018) 770 <i>māliku amēlu</i>
Ataç, The Mythology of Kingship, 168
5.
AfO 52 (2011) 685 <i>awīlum</i>
Chavalas, Life and Culture, 162ff.
“<i>a.</i> vs. <i>muškēnum</i>; allg.”
6.
AfO 52 (2011) 685 <i>awīlum</i>
Richardson, Collapse I, 161ff.
“Briefe <i>ana awīlim</i>, spätaltbabyl.; einige wohl an Utul-Ištar”
7.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 609 <i>amīlu</i>
Wa. Mayer, WVDOG 102, 105
“in <i>a.</i> <i>ṣibūti</i> “zinspflichtig”?”
8.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 609 <i>awīlum</i>
Larsen, Festschrift Veenhof, 280
“aA; in Briefen, “(gentle)man””
9.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 609 <i>awīlum</i>
Glassner, in Benoit u. a., Histoire de fractions, 119
“Etymologisierung”
10.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 609 <i>awīlum</i>
Lundström, WZKM 91, 249
“in Grabinschriften”
11.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 609 <i>awīlum</i>
De Meyer, Festschrift Veenhof, 33 zu 4
“in Rechtsurkunde, aB, Susa; ermordet”
12.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 623 <i>ṣibūtu</i>
“s. <i>awīlum</i>, in <i>amīl ṣibūti</i> ”
13.
AfO 48/49 (2001/2002) 420 <i>awīlu</i>
Dercksen, Festschrift Bilgiç, 95
““respectable member of the community”; Zusammenhang mit <i>ikribū</i>, s. d.”
14.
AfO 48/49 (2001/2002) 420 <i>awīlu</i>
Sallaberger, CM 16, 64ff.
“Anrede im Brief”
15.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 679 <i>awīlum</i>
Ulshöfer, FAOS Beih. 4, 255
“aA; auch einfach “Mann””
16.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 679 <i>awīlum</i>
Buccellati, Maarav 7, 91ff.
“aB; vs. <i>muškēnum</i> (“homesteader”) hinsichtlich der Art des Grundbesitzes”
17.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 679 <i>awīlum</i>
“s. a. <i>māru</i>, in <i>māri awīlim</i> ”
18.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 679 <i>awīlum</i>
“s. a. <i>rabû</i>, in <i>rabi awīlē</i> ”
19.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 689 <i>māru</i>
Hirsch, AfO 42/43, 128f.
“in <i>mari awīlim</i>”
20.
AfO 44/45 (1997/1998) 694 <i>rabû</i>
Donbaz, Festschrift N. Özgüç, 147
“in <i>rabi awīlē</i>, aA”
21.
AfO 42/43 (1995/1996) 436 <i>amīlu</i>
Muntingh, BMECCJ 4, 175ff.
“Bedeutung in den Amarna-Texten”
22.
AfO 40/41 (1993/1994) 452 <i>awīlum</i>
Donbaz, KTS 2, 39: 32
“<i>lu a-wi-lá-tí</i> “sei ein freundlicher Mann””
23.
AfO 40/41 (1993/1994) 452 <i>awīlum</i>
Yaron, Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 59, 223ff.
“s. ḪammuraBi”
24.
AfO 40/41 (1993/1994) 452 <i>awīlum</i>
“s. a. <i>muškēnum</i> ”
25.
AfO 40/41 (1993/1994) 469 <i>mār/mārat awīlim</i>
Yaron, LE<sup style="font-style: normal;">2</sup>, 164ff.
26.
AfO 35 (1988) 336 <i>awīlum</i>
Petschow, ZA 76, 24<sup style="font-style: normal;">+13</sup>
““Mann (Bürger)”: Bürger im Sinne von “freier, voll rechts(handlungs)fähiger Einwohner des (gesamten) Landes””
27.
AfO 35 (1988) 336 <i>awīlum</i>
“s. a. <i>muškēnum</i> ”
28.
AfO 35 (1988) 346 <i>lullû-amēlu</i>
“s. <i>māliku-amēlu</i> ”
29.
AfO 35 (1988) 347 <i>māliku-amēlu</i>
W.R. Mayer, Or 56, 64f.
30.
AfO 34 (1987) 300 <i>amēlu</i>
“s. <i>ḫābilu-amēlu</i> ”
31.
AfO 34 (1987) 303 <i>ḫābilu-amēlu</i>
Edzard, Or 54, 49
“und andere Zusammensetzungen mit <i>amēlu</i>”
32.
AfO Beiheft 21 (1986) 29 <i>amēlu</i>
Saggs, JSS 18, 272f.
“<i>amēl nāri</i>”
33.
AfO Beiheft 21 (1986) 29 <i>amēlu</i>
“s. a. <i>awīlu</i> ”
34.
AfO Beiheft 21 (1986) 34 <i>awīlu</i>
Cazelles, RA 64, 176
“in Atraḫasīs”
35.
AfO Beiheft 21 (1986) 34 <i>awīlu</i>
Heimpel, ZA 61, 315
“in Chagar Bazar, Bedeutung “Herrscher””
36.
AfO Beiheft 21 (1986) 34 <i>awīlu</i>
W. G. Lambert, Or 38, 535
“und <i>awīlūtum</i> in Atraḫasīs austauschbar; Bedeutung “mankind””
37.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 404 <i>aʾīlu</i>
Saporetti, DSC 2, 10f.
“mA, in den Gesetzen; freier Bürger mit allen Rechten”
38.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 405 <i>awīlum</i>
Kestemont, OLA 13, 107ff.
“Abhängigkeit im Keilschriftrecht; allgemeine Klassifikation angewandt auf <i>awīlu</i>,<i> muškēnu</i> und <i>wardu</i>”
39.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 405 <i>awīlum</i>
Adams, Festschrift Diakonoff 12f.
“und <i>muškēnum</i>”
40.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 405 <i>awīlum</i>
Diakonoff, Oikumene 3, 97<sup style="font-style: normal;">313</sup> u. ö.
41.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 412 <i>mārat aʾīle</i>
“s. <i>aʾīlu</i> ”
42.
AfO 28 (1981/1982) 335 <i>awīlum</i>
Cagni, AbB 8, 102: 13
“<i>awīlum emūšu</i> “sein Herr Schwiegervater”, cf. <i>maḫar awīlim</i> PN <i>a-b</i>[<i>i</i> é]ren “beim ehrenwerten `Leutevater'” 98: 7f. u. ä.”
43.
AfO 27 (1980) 411 <i>awīlum</i>
ARM(T) 10, p. 265 zu 73: 14; s. 98: 12
“als Synonym von <i>šarrum</i>; s. auch Dalley, OBTR p. 33<sup style="font-style: normal;">+20</sup> [cf. KH Rs. 25: 75 H.]”
44.
AfO 27 (1980) 411 <i>awīlum</i>
Jacobsen, Finkelstein-Gedenkschrift, 115<sup style="font-style: normal;">16</sup>
“Bedeutungen”
45.
AfO 27 (1980) 411 <i>awīlum</i>
von Soden, BiOr 35, 207
“beste Übersetzung “Bürger””
46.
AfO 26 (1978/1979) 299 <i>awīlu</i>
Kraus, AbB 7, p. 153 ad 179, Anm. a
“<span style = "font-variant: all-small-caps; font-style: normal">dumu.meš</span> <i>a.</i> “Leute von Stande”, ohne erklärenden Kontext unklar”
47.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 423 <i>awīlu</i>
Kraus, Mensch 117ff.
““Angehöriger e. Elite” (aB)”
48.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 423 <i>awīlu</i>
Frankena, Festschrift Böhl 156ff.
“<i>/muškēnu</i>”
49.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 423 <i>awīlu</i>
Klíma, BiOr 32, 69<sup style="font-style: normal;">+32f.</sup>
“<i>/muškēnu</i>”
50.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 423 <i>awīlu</i>
“<i>bīt</i> <i>a.</i> s. <i>ṭupšarrūtu</i> ”
51.
AfO 25 (1974/1977) 423 <i>awīlu</i>
Rowton, Or 42, 255
“<i>mār</i> <i>a.</i>; vergl. <i>māru awīlī damqūtim</i>, Mari”
awīlūtu I
eBL
humanity
NAM.LÚ.LÚ.MEŠ
Akkadian
12 occurrences
awīlūtum, later amī/ēlūtu, OA awīluttum, MA a'īluttu "humanity" [(NAM.)LÚ.U18/19.LU; LÚ- ] 1. "mankind"; O/MB "anyone" 2. M/NB freq. as coll. pl. of awīlu "servants, slaves, personnel" [Nuzi NAM.LÚ.LÚ.MEŠ]; NB also "(single) slave" 3. MB "status of ...
Bibliographic References: 7
Latest
AfO 53 (2018) 754 Tenney, Life at the Bottom, 123 (“Sklaven”, kassitenzeitlich; Disk. des Begriffs, 129f.)
1.
AfO 53 (2018) 754 <i>amīlūtu</i>
Tenney, Life at the Bottom, 123
““Sklaven”, kassitenzeitlich; Disk. des Begriffs, 129f.”
2.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 608 <i>amēlūtu</i>
Veenhof, Security for Debt, 111
“s. Schuldner”
3.
AfO 50 (2003/2004) 608 <i>amēlūtu</i>
“s. a. <i>qallu</i> ”
4.
AfO 35 (1988) 346 <span style = "font-variant: all-small-caps; font-style: normal">lú.ú.lu</span><i>-ut-ti</i>
Arnaud <i>apud</i> Huehnergard, RA 77, 34<sup style="font-style: normal;">87</sup>
“Emar, zu mB <i>amīlūtu</i>”
5.
AfO 31 (1984) 286 <i>amēlūtu</i>
CT 55, 111: 6; 126: 7; 184: 5; 57, 404: 2
6.
AfO 29/30 (1983/1984) 405 <i>awīlūtum</i>
Ichisar, Imdilum 48 zu 16
““façon de maitriser les affaires”, Šu-Laban schreibt an seinen Sohn”
7.
AfO 26 (1978/1979) 299 <i>awīlūtum</i>
Kraus, AbB 7, 19: 34
“<i>kīma</i> dumu-munus <i>awīlūtīja</i>, “gemäß meinem Stande als Dame von Rang””
ayyu I
eBL
which?
Akkadian
Pronoun
5 occurrences
ayyu(m), ayyû(m), jB, NA also ya'u; f. ayyītu(m); m. pl. ayyūtu(m); f. ayyātu(m) "which?" usu. before subst. adi ayyi ūmi "till which day?"; after subst. mê ayyūti "which water?"; pred. NA ya'u hīṭāya "what is my crime?"; in subst. use "which ...